Kuyambira m'dzinja, ana outpatient mycoplasma chibayo mkulu zochitika, ana ambiri akhala akudwala kwa nthawi yaitali, makolo nkhawa, sindikudziwa momwe angachitire.Vuto la kukana mankhwala pochiza mycoplasma lapangitsanso kuti matendawo ayambe kuyang'ana kwambiri.Tiyeni tiwone mycoplasma chibayo.
1. Zomwe zimayambitsamycoplasma chibayo?Kodi ndizopatsirana?Ndi chiyani?
Chibayo cha Mycoplasma ndi kutupa kwakukulu kwa m'mapapo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda a mycoplasma pneumoniae.Mycoplasma ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe titha kukhala ndi moyo paokha pakati pa ma virus ndi mabakiteriya, ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakhungu la kupuma thirakiti mwa ana, koma kwenikweni, si tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tatsopano, chaka chilichonse, chaka chonse, 3 mpaka 5. zaka zikhoza kukhala mliri waung'ono, ndipo chiwerengero cha zochitika chidzakhala 3 mpaka 5 kuposa nthawi zonse m'nyengo ya mliri.Chaka chino, zochitika zapadziko lonse za matenda a mycoplasma zikuwonjezeka, ndipo zimakhala ndi makhalidwe a msinkhu waung'ono, ndipo n'zosavuta kutuluka m'masukulu a kindergartens ndi masukulu, kotero ana ndiwo magulu akuluakulu a chitetezo cha mycoplasma chibayo.Chibayo cha Mycoplasma ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amadziletsa okha komanso amapatsirana, opatsirana pokhudzana kwambiri ndi zotsekemera za m'kamwa ndi m'mphuno kapena kudzera mu madontho a mpweya ochokera m'kamwa ndi m'mphuno.Matendawa nthawi zambiri akufotokozera pambuyo 2 mpaka 3 milungu.Pambuyo pa mliri,anthu ochepa amavala zigoba, kupanga mikhalidwe yabwino kufalikira kwa mycoplasma.
2. Ndani amene angatenge chibayo cha mycoplasma?Ndi nyengo yanji yomwe anthu ambiri amadwala chibayo cha mycoplasma?Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi zotani?
Anthu azaka zapakati pa 4 ndi 20 amatha kutenga chibayo cha mycoplasma, koma mwana womaliza ndi khanda la mwezi umodzi.Chiwerengero cha milandu imayamba kuwonjezeka m'chilimwe ndi nsonga kumapeto kwa autumn kapena yozizira.Ana ndi mycoplasma pneumoniae chibayo matenda osiyana m`badwo makhalidwe sali yemweyo, kwambiriZizindikiro zofala ndi malungo, chifuwa.Chifukwa m`mapapo mwanga zizindikiro za ana oyambirira sizidziwikiratu, nthawi zambiri sanali kulabadira, ndipo makolo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha maantibayotiki zochokera zinachitikira kuyambitsa mankhwala osathandiza, monga penicillin mankhwala, amoxicillin, amoxicillin clavulanate potaziyamu, piperacillin, etc., chifukwa penicillin. alibe achire kwambiri mycoplasma, zosavuta kuchedwetsa matenda.Zizindikiro zoyamba za ana aang'ono ndi chifuwa ndi sputum, pamodzi ndi kupuma, kupuma m'mapapo, ndi kutentha kwa thupi kumakhala pakati pa 38.1 ndi 39 ° C, komwe kumakhala kutentha kwapakati.The bronchial khoma la ana ndi inelastic, kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumapangitsa lumen yopapatiza, katulutsidwe si kophweka kutulutsa, ndipo n'zosavuta kuoneka atelectasis ndi emphysema, ngati pamodzi ndi matenda bakiteriya, ndipo kungachititse kuti empyema.Kwa ana okulirapo, chizindikiro choyamba ndi chifuwa chotsatizana ndi kutentha thupi kapena patatha masiku awiri kapena atatu, makamaka chifuwa chachikulu kapena chifuwa chowuma chosatha.Chiwerengero chochepa cha ana omwe ali ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha matenda, kupuma movutikira ndi zizindikiro zina zovuta, ziyenera kulipidwa kwambiri.Ndipo kotala la ana ndi totupa, meningitis, myocarditis ndi zina extrapulmonary mawonetseredwe.
3. Oganiziridwa kuti chibayo cha mycoplasma kupita kuchipatala ndi dipatimenti yanji?
Ana osakwana zaka 14 kuti awone matenda a ana, opitirira zaka 14 akhoza kupita ku dipatimenti yopumira matenda ndi chithandizo, zizindikiro zazikulu zikhoza kulembedwa mu dipatimenti yadzidzidzi.Dokotala atakambirana ndi kuunika, angafunikire kupita ku dipatimenti yojambula zithunzi ndi labotale yachipatala kuti akamuyezetse.Pitani ku labotale kukayezetsa serum mycoplasma antibody (IgM antibody), kachitidwe ka magazi, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).Ma antibodies a seramu ku mycoplasma, ngati wamkulu kuposa 1: 64, kapena kuwonjezeka kwa 4 pa titer panthawi yochira, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chidziwitso cha matenda;Zotsatira zamagazi amagazi zimayang'ana kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi (WBC), omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala abwinobwino, amatha kuonjezedwa pang'ono, ndipo ngakhale ena amakhala otsika pang'ono, izi ndizosiyana ndi matenda a bakiteriya, matenda a bakiteriya maselo oyera amwazi amawonjezeka;CRP idzakwezedwa mu chibayo cha mycoplasma, ndipo ngati ili yaikulu kuposa 40mg / L, ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pozindikira chibayo cha mycoplasma.Mayesero ena amathanso kuyang'ana michere ya myocardial, chiwindi ndi impso kugwira ntchito, kapena kuzindikira mwachindunji mycoplasma pneumoniae antigen mu zitsanzo za kupuma kuti azindikire msanga komanso mofulumira.Malinga ndi kufunikira, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, chifuwa X-ray, chifuwa CT, mkodzo dongosolo mtundu ultrasound ndi mayeso ena apadera akhoza kuchitidwa.
4. Chithandizo cha mycoplasma chibayo ana
Pambuyo matenda a mycoplasma chibayo, m`pofunika kutsatira malangizo a dokotala mankhwala odana ndi matenda mankhwala, kusankha choyamba ndi macrolides, amene odziwika bwino erythromycin mankhwala, amene angathe kulamulira kupanga mycoplasma mapuloteni ndi ziletsa kupezeka kwa kutupa.Pakali pano, azithromycin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pachipatala, chomwe chimatha kulowa m'malo otupa, kupewa zofooka za erythromycin, ndipo ndizothandiza komanso zotetezeka kuposa erythromycin.Samalani kuti musamamwe maantibayotiki m'madzi otentha;Musatenge mkaka, mkaka enzyme ndi yotheka mabakiteriya kukonzekera;Osamwa madzi mkati mwa maola 2 mutamwa maantibayotiki, idyani zipatso, chifukwa madzi a zipatso ali ndi acidic acid, imathandizira kutha kwa maantibayotiki, amakhudza mphamvu;Pewaninso vinyo wosasa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi mowa, monga madzi a Huoxiang Zhengqi, vinyo wa mpunga, ndi zina zotero.
Chithandizo cha zizindikiro monga kuchepetsa kutentha thupi, kuchepetsa chifuwa ndi kuchepetsa phlegm kungaperekedwe musanadziwe bwinobwino.Ngati antibody ya mycoplasma ili ndi HIV, azithromycin iyenera kuperekedwa pa mlingo wa 10mg pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi kuti athetse matenda.Pazovuta kwambiri, kulowetsedwa kwa azithromycin ndikofunikira.Angathenso kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala achi China, koma chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mapapu a chibayo cha mycoplasma, milandu yoopsa ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi pleural effusion, atelectasis, necrotic chibayo, etc. .
Pambuyo mankhwala, ana ndi mycoplasma pneumoniae alibenso malungo ndi chifuwa, ndi kupuma zizindikiro kutha kwathunthu kwa masiku oposa 3, ali osavomerezeka kupitiriza kumwa mankhwala antibacterial kupewa kukana.
5. Kodi chakudya cha ana omwe ali ndi chibayo cha mycoplasma chiyenera kulabadira chiyani?
Panthawi ya chibayo cha mycoplasma, odwala omwe amamwa kwambiri thupi, kuyamwitsa zakudya ndikofunikira kwambiri.Sayansi ndi wololera zakudya zimathandiza kwambiri kuti achire matenda, ayenera kulimbikitsa zakudya, ndi zopatsa mphamvu, wolemera mu mavitamini, zosavuta kugaya chakudya madzi ndi theka-zamadzimadzi chakudya, akhoza bwino kudya masamba atsopano, zipatso, mkulu-mapuloteni zakudya ndi kumathandiza kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chokwanira cha chakudya.Kwa ana omwe ali ndi chibayo cha mycoplasma, makolo ayenera kukweza mutu wa mwanayo pamene akudyetsa kuti ateteze kutsamwitsidwa ndi kuperewera.Ngati mwana yemwe ali ndi chibayo cha mycoplasma ali ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi kapena satha kudya, chithandizo chamankhwala cha parenteral chikhoza kuperekedwa ndi dokotala.
Tiyenera kumvetsera kwambiri zakudya za ana omwe ali ndi chibayo cha mycoplasma, kulabadira zakudya, osadya zakudya zomwe sizingadyedwe, kuti zisawononge kukula kwa matendawa.Ana odwala nthawi zambiri alibe chilakolako, makolo nthawi zambiri amawononga mitundu yonse ya kukhutira, koma zakudya zina zimafunika kupewa.
6. Momwe mungatetezere thanzi la kupuma la ana ndikupewa chibayo cha mycoplasma?
(1) Kuonjezera chitetezo:
Ana omwe ali ndi chitetezo chochepa amatha kudwala chibayo cha mycoplasma, choncho ndikofunika kwambiri kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke.Limbikitsani masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya masamba ndi zipatso, kuwonjezera mapuloteni apamwamba, ndi njira zonse zowonjezera chitetezo chawo;Pa nthawi yomweyo kupewa kuchepa kwa chitetezo chawo, kusintha nyengo kapena kusintha kwa nyengo pamene akutuluka, kuwonjezera zovala mu nthawi kuteteza kuzizira ndi kuzizira;
(2) Samalani ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi:
Kuti mukhale ndi makhalidwe abwino, idyani masamba ndi zipatso ndi zakudya zina zathanzi, musadye zokometsera, zamafuta, zaiwisi ndi zozizira, zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zakudya zokhazikika.Mutha kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi m'mapapo, monga Sydney ndi radish yoyera, kuchepetsa chifuwa chachikulu;
(3) Khalani ndi moyo wabwino ndi zizolowezi zophunzirira:
Kugwira ntchito ndi kupumula nthawi zonse, kuphatikiza ntchito ndi kupuma, kumasuka, kuonetsetsa kugona mokwanira.Nyengo ya autumn ndi yozizira imakhala yowuma, fumbi lomwe lili mumlengalenga ndilokwera, ndipo mucosa wamphuno waumunthu ndi wosavuta kuwonongeka.Imwani madzi ochulukirapo kuti musunge mphuno yamphuno yonyowa, yomwe imatha kukana kuukira kwa ma virus, ndikuthandizira kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi ndikuyeretsa chilengedwe chamkati;
(4) Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera:
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kupuma bwino, kumathandizira kagayidwe kachakudya, komanso kumathandizira kukana matenda.Maseŵera olimbitsa thupi a aerobic monga kuyenda mofulumira, kuthamanga, kudumpha chingwe, aerobics, kusewera mpira wa basketball, kusambira, ndi masewera a karati amatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya m'mapapo, kutulutsa mpweya wabwino, ndi kuonjezera mphamvu ya kagayidwe kake ka kupuma.Pambuyo pa masewera olimbitsa thupi, tcherani khutu kuti muume thukuta mu nthawi kuti mukhale otentha;Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zoyenera zakunja, koma osati zolimbitsa thupi.
(5) Chitetezo chabwino:
Poganizira kuti mycoplasma makamaka imafalikira kudzera m'malovu, ngati pali odwala malungo ndi chifuwa, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kudzipatula ayenera kumwedwa nthawi.Yesetsani kuti musapite kumalo odzaza anthu ambiri;Ngati palibe zochitika zapadera, yesani kuvala chigoba kuti muchepetse mwayi wa matenda;
(6) Samalani ndi ukhondo:
Ukhondo wabwino komanso ukhondo wa chilengedwe, sambani m'manja pafupipafupi, kusamba pafupipafupi, kusintha zovala pafupipafupi, ndi kupukuta zovala pafupipafupi.Sambani m’manja ndi madzi oyenda ndi sopo mukangochoka kuchimbudzi musanadye, mukatuluka panja, mukakhosomola, mukayetsemula, ndiponso mukatsuka mphuno zanu kuti muchepetse kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi.Osakhudza mbali za nkhope monga mkamwa, mphuno ndi maso ndi manja akuda kuti muchepetse mwayi wotenga matenda.Mukamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, gwiritsani ntchito mpango kapena pepala kutseka kukamwa ndi mphuno kuti muchepetse kupopera mankhwala;Osalavulira paliponse kuletsa majeremusi kuwononga mpweya ndi kupatsira ena;
(7) Khalani ndi mpweya wabwino wamkati:
Samalani ndi mpweya wabwino m'chipinda kuti muchepetse kuukira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Yophukira ndi youma ndi fumbi, ndi zosiyanasiyana tizilombo tizilombo ndi allergens akhoza Ufumuyo fumbi particles ndi kulowa airway kudzera kupuma.Nthawi zambiri kutsegula zitseko ndi Mawindo, mpweya wabwino, aliyense mpweya nthawi ya mphindi 15 mpaka 30, kusunga yozungulira mpweya kufalitsidwa.Mukhoza nthawi zonse ntchito viniga fumigation, kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi zina m'nyumba mpweya disinfection, ultraviolet disinfection ayenera kukhala mmene ndingathere kusankha m'nyumba disinfection, ngati wina ali m'chipindamo, tcherani khutu kuteteza maso.Zowonongeka mumlengalenga monga fumbi, utsi ndi mankhwala zimatha kuwononga dongosolo la kupuma, sizikhala m'malo oipitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.Njira monga kuyeretsa nthawi zonse m'nyumba, kusunga mpweya wabwino, kugwiritsa ntchito zoyeretsa mpweya kapena zomera zamkati zimatha kuchepetsa zinthu zovulaza mumpweya wamkati;
(8) Pewani kusuta fodya:
Kusuta kumalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa mapapu ndipo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda opuma.Kuteteza ana ku utsi wosuta fodya kungathandize kwambiri kuti azitha kupuma bwino.
(9) Katemera:
Katemera wa chimfine, katemera wa chibayo ndi katemera wina ayenera kubayidwa molingana ndi mikhalidwe yawo kuti apewe matenda opuma kwambiri.
Mwachidule, kukulitsa chitetezo chanu cha mthupi ndicho chinsinsi.Kwa chibayo cha mycoplasma, tiyenera kumvetsera kwambiri ndipo tisamachite mantha kwambiri.Ngakhale ndizodziwika, zovulaza ndizochepa, ambiri amatha kudzichiritsa okha, ndipo pali mankhwala otetezeka komanso othandiza.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-03-2023