Lipoti lomwe latulutsidwa lero ndi World Health Organisation likuwonetsa kuti 99% ya odwalaanthu padziko lapansi akupuma mpweyazomwe zimaposa malire a khalidwe la mpweya wa WHO, kuopseza thanzi lawo, ndipo anthu okhala m'mizinda akupuma mopanda thanzi la zinthu zabwino za tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi nitrogen dioxide, ndi anthu omwe ali m'mayiko otsika - ndi apakati omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Lipotilo linanena kuti mizinda yoposa 6,000 m’mayiko 117 ikuyang’anira mmene mpweya ulili, zomwe ndi nambala yosawerengeka.Bungwe la World Health Organization likugogomezera kufunika kochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyaka mafuta komanso kuchita zinthu zina zothandiza kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya.
Zinthu zabwino kwambiri ndi nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide ndi wofala woipitsa m'tauni komanso kalambulabwalo wa zinthu ndi ozoni.Kusintha kwa 2022 kwa WHO Air Quality Database kumayambitsa miyeso yochokera pansi pazambiri yapachaka ya nitrogen dioxide (NO2) kwa nthawi yoyamba.Kusinthaku kumaphatikizanso kuyeza tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi m'mimba mwake wofanana kapena wochepera ma microns 10 (PM10) kapena 2.5 microns (PM2.5).Mitundu iwiriyi ya zowononga makamaka zimachokera ku zochita za anthu zokhudzana ndi kuyaka kwa mafuta oyaka.
Dongosolo latsopano lazabwino la mpweya ndilochuluka kwambiri mpaka pano lomwe likukhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya.Pafupifupi mizinda inanso 2,000/malo okhala anthu tsopano akulemba zidziwitso zowunikira zinthu, PM10 ndi/kapenaPM2.5poyerekeza ndi pomwe omaliza.Izi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa malipoti kasanu ndi kamodzi kuyambira pomwe nkhokweyo idakhazikitsidwa mu 2011.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, umboni wa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya ku thupi la munthu wakhala ukukula mofulumira, ndi umboni wosonyeza kuti zinthu zambiri zowononga mpweya zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri ngakhale pamlingo wotsika kwambiri.
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono, makamaka PM2.5, imatha kulowa mkati mwa mapapu ndikulowa m'magazi, zomwe zimakhudza mtima, cerebrovascular (stroke) ndi kupuma.Umboni watsopano ukusonyeza kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tingakhudze ziwalo zina komanso kuyambitsa matenda ena.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nitrogen dioxide imagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda opuma, makamaka mphumu, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro za kupuma (monga chifuwa, kupuma kapena kupuma movutikira), zipatala ndi maulendo opita kuchipatala.
"Kukwera mitengo yamafuta amafuta, chitetezo champhamvu komanso kufulumira kuthana ndi mavuto awiri azaumoyo owononga mpweya komanso kusintha kwanyengo zikuwonetsa kufunikira kofulumizitsa ntchito yomanga dziko losadalira mafuta oyaka," atero Director-General wa WHO Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
Njira zowongolerampweya wabwinondi thanzi
Ndani akufuna kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu kuti achitepo kanthu kuti apititse patsogolo mpweya wabwino.Mwachitsanzo, tsatirani kapena sinthaninso ndikukhazikitsa miyezo yaukadaulo yapadziko lonse lapansi mogwirizana ndi malangizo aposachedwa a WHO;Kuthandizira kusintha kwa kuyeretsa mphamvu zapakhomo pophika, kutenthetsa ndi kuyatsa;Kumanga njira zotetezeka komanso zotsika mtengo zoyendera za anthu onse komanso oyenda pansi - ndi ma netiweki othandiza panjinga;Kukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima otulutsa magalimoto komanso miyezo yogwira ntchito bwino;Kuyendera kovomerezeka ndi kukonza magalimoto;Kuyika ndalama m'nyumba zopanda mphamvu komanso kupanga magetsi;Kupititsa patsogolo kasamalidwe ka zinyalala m'mafakitale ndi matauni;Kuchepetsa ntchito zaulimi monga kuwotcha zinyalala zaulimi, kuotcha nkhalango ndi kupanga makala.
Mizinda yambiri ili ndi vuto la nitrogen dioxide
Mwa mayiko 117 omwe amawunika momwe mpweya ulili, 17 peresenti ya mizinda yomwe ili m'mayiko opeza ndalama zambiri imakhala ndi mpweya wocheperapo ndi malangizo a WHO a PM2.5 kapena PM10, lipotilo linatero.M'maiko otsika - komanso opeza ndalama zapakatikati, mizinda yochepera 1% imakumana ndi zomwe WHO idalimbikitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino.
Padziko lonse lapansi, mayiko otsika - ndi opeza ndalama zapakatikati akadali okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zopanda thanzi poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwapadziko lonse lapansi, koma machitidwe a NO2 amasiyana, akuwonetsa kusiyana kochepa pakati pa mayiko apamwamba - ndi otsika - ndi omwe amapeza ndalama zapakatikati.
Kufunika kowunikira bwino
Europe ndipo, kumlingo wina, North America akadali madera omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira cha mpweya.Ngakhale kuti miyeso ya PM2.5 sinapezekebe m'maiko ambiri otsika - komanso opeza ndalama zapakatikati, asintha kwambiri pakati pa zosintha zomaliza za database mu 2018 ndikusintha uku, ndipo 1,500 malo okhala anthu ambiri m'maikowa amawunika momwe mpweya ulili.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-24-2023