Aliyense amadziwa tinthu towononga mpweya monga utsi ndi PM2.5.Paja takhala tikuvutika nawo kwa zaka zambiri.Komabe, tinthu ting'onoting'ono monga utsi ndi PM2.5 nthawi zonse zimaganiziridwa kukhala magwero a kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya wakunja.Aliyense ali ndi kusamvetsetsana kwachilengedwe kwa iwo, kuganiza kuti malinga ngati mupita kunyumba ndikutseka mazenera, mutha kudzipatula kuipitsidwa.Monga aliyense akudziwa, kuipitsa mpweya m'nyumba ndi wakupha weniweni wosaoneka.
Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya m'nyumba ndi komwe timakumana nako ndipo kumakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri.Ikafika pamlingo wina wake mumlengalenga, imakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa mthupi komanso kuyambitsa matenda.Chofunika koposa, kuipitsa mpweya m'nyumba kumapangidwa ndi kuipitsidwa komwe kumachitika m'nyumba komanso kuipitsidwa komwe kumalowa m'chipindacho kuchokera kunja.
Mlozera wakunja wa AQI ukakhala wochepa, zakunja zimakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pakuwononga mpweya wamkati, ndipo kutsegula mazenera olowera mpweya kumathandiza kuchepetsa zowononga m'nyumba.Komabe, mlozera wa AQI wa mpweya wakunja ukakhala wokwera komanso kuipitsako kuli koopsa, monga nyengo ya utsi, kuipitsidwa kwa m'nyumba kumakhala kokulirapo kawiri.
Zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri m'nyumba zimakhala zoipitsa zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi zizolowezi zoyaka monga kusuta ndi kuphika.Kuyika kwake ndikwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndizokwera, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakongoletsedwanso ndi makatani amkati ndi sofa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuipitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali komanso kutulutsa pang'onopang'ono.Monga dzanja lachitatukusuta.
Kachiwiri, mipando yotsika, mipando yatsopano kapena yocheperako, komanso zinthu zosakhazikika monga thovu lamkati ndi pulasitiki zimasokoneza zowononga zowononga, monga formaldehyde!Fungo lamtunduwu limathanso kupangitsa anthu kukhala osamala, koma zowononga mpweya zopanda mtundu komanso zopanda fungo monga toluene ndizosavuta kuzitenga mopepuka.
Mu Julayi 2022, National Health Commission idatulutsa mwalamulo muyezo wovomerezeka wa "Indoor Air Quality Standard" (GB/T 18883-2022) (pambuyo pake umatchedwa "Standard"), muyezo woyamba kusinthidwa mdziko langa m'zaka 20 zapitazi. zaka.
"Standard" anawonjezera zizindikiro zitatu za m'nyumba mpweya wabwino particulate nkhani (PM2.5), trichlorethylene ndi tetrachlorethylene, ndi kusintha malire a zizindikiro zisanu (nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, benzene, mabakiteriya okwana, radon).Pa PM2.5 yomwe yangowonjezedwa kumene, mtengo wapakati wa maola 24 sudutsa 50µg/m³, ndipo pa zinthu zomwe zilipo zokoka mpweya (PM10), mtengo wapakati wa maola 24 sudutsa 100µg/m³ .
Pakali pano, kusintha kwa mpweya wamkati kumayang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa kapena kuchotsa tinthu ting'onoting'ono towonongeka.Zolinga zochotsa zinthu zambiri zoyeretsera mpweya poyamba zimaloza kuwononga pang'ono.Pamene mabanja ndi makampani ochulukirachulukira akudziŵa bwino ntchito ya oyeretsa mpweya, anthu owonjezereka akulolera kugula zoyeretsa mpweya kuti ateteze thanzi la mabanja awo ndi antchito awo.
Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mawu ena otsutsana nawonso anatsatira.Anthu ena amaganiza kuti oyeretsa mpweya ndi "msonkho wa IQ" watsopano, lingaliro lomwe lakhala likudziwika ndi kufalitsidwa, ndipo silingathe kusintha ndi kuteteza thanzi lathu.
Ndiye kodi oyeretsa mpweya amangokhala "misonkho ya IQ"?
Sukulu ya Public Health ya Fudan University ndi Shanghai Environmental Protection Industry Association inafufuza zotsatira za oyeretsa mpweya pa thanzi kuchokera ku zotsatira za kafukufuku wofalitsidwa pa zoyeretsa mpweya ndi thanzi la anthu.
Pakalipano, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi thanzi la oyeretsa mpweya m'nyumba kapena mpweya wabwino wophatikizana pa umoyo wa anthu nthawi zambiri amatengera njira yopangira "kafukufuku wochitapo kanthu", ndiko kuti, kufananiza chiwerengero cha anthu asanagwiritse ntchito zoyeretsa mpweya, kapena kuyerekeza kugwiritsa ntchito “zenizeni” zoyeretsera mpweya (zosefa Zosintha zofananira mumayendedwe a mpweya ndi zizindikiritso za thanzi la anthu pakati pa choyezera mpweya “chabodza” (ndi gawo la sefa litachotsedwa). kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu kunasinthidwa ndi kulowererapo komanso kutalika kwa kulowererapo.Mafukufuku ambiri omwe alipo ndi njira zochepetsera nthawi yochepa, ndipo zotsatira za thanzi zomwe zimakhudzidwa makamaka zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupuma komanso zotsatira za thanzi la mtima, zomwe ndizovuta ziwiri za thanzi. omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya komanso omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri. Tiyeni tifufuze mbali ziwirizi pamodzi.
Kuthandizira Kwabwino Kwa Mpweya Wamkati ndi Umoyo Wakupuma
Kukumana ndi zowononga mpweya m'nyumba kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda okhudzana ndi kupuma.M'malo mwake, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyeretsera mpweya kuti muchepetse zowononga m'nyumba zitha kuwonedwa kuti zithandizire kuwonetsa zotupa zam'mlengalenga ndi zizindikiro zina zamapapo.FeNO (exhaled nitric oxide) ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zosonyeza kuchuluka kwa kutupa m'munsi mwa kupuma.
Zotsatira zoyesera zikuwonetsa kuti poyang'ana odwala omwe ali ndi matenda opuma omwe alipo, kulowererapo kwa mpweya wamkati kumakhala ndi chitetezo chachikulu pa thanzi la kupuma.Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la rhinitis, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa oyeretsa mpweya, zizindikiro za rhinitis kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mungu zimasintha kwambiri.
Zotsatira za kafukufuku wogwirizana ku South Korea zimasonyezanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito HEPA (High Efficiency Air Filtration Module) oyeretsa mpweya amachepetsa kwambiri kufunikira kwa mankhwala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la rhinitis.
Kwa odwala asthmatic, zochitika zoyamba za asthmatic zinali zochepa kwambiri kwa odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito oyeretsa mpweya;nthawi yomweyo, oyeretsa mpweya komanso kupewa mochedwa asthmatic zochita.
Zinawonetsedwanso kuti panthawi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kwa ana omwe ali ndi mphumu kunachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo chiwerengero cha masiku omwe asthmatics analibe zizindikiro chinawonjezeka kwambiri.
Kulowererapo kwa mpweya wamkati komanso thanzi la mtima
Kafukufuku wochuluka wasonyeza kuti kukhudzana ndi PM2.5 yozungulira kungapangitse kwambiri kudwala kwa matenda a mtima ndi imfa, kuphatikizapo kukulitsa zizindikiro za matenda a mtima.Nthawi zina kungowonekera kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri, monga kugunda kwamtima koopsa.Kusakhazikika, infarction ya myocardial, kulephera kwa mtima, kumangidwa mwadzidzidzi kwa mtima, etc.
Kupyolera mukuchitapo kanthu kwa mpweya wamkati wamkati, monga kugwiritsa ntchito oyeretsa mpweya wa HEPA, kupyolera mumagulu ambiri osanjikiza, zowonongeka zimagwidwa ndi wosanjikiza, kuti akwaniritse zotsatira za kuyeretsa mpweya.Kugwiritsa ntchito zoyeretsa mpweya wa HEPA kumatha kuyeretsa 81.7% ya tinthu ting'onoting'ono mumlengalenga pophika m'nyumba, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamkati.
Zotsatira za kulowererapo kwakanthawi kochepa kwa oyeretsa mpweya m'nyumba zikuwonetsa kuti kulowererapo kwakanthawi kochepa koyeretsa mpweya kungakhale kopindulitsa ku thanzi la mtima.Ngakhale kuti zotsatira zazikulu zochepetsera kuthamanga kwa magazi m'kanthawi kochepa sizidziwikiratu, zimakhala ndi phindu lodziwika bwino pa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ya mtima wodziimira payekha (kusinthasintha kwa mtima).Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi zodziwikiratu zochepetsera komanso kusintha kwazomwe zikuwonetsa zotupa zamoyo zam'magazi amunthu, kukomoka kwa dongosolo lamtima, kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni ndi zizindikiro zina, ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu pakanthawi kochepa.Maphunziro a PM2.5 anali ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi zolembera zotupa zotumphukira zamagazi, ndipo kulowererapo kwa oyeretsa mpweya kunapangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa PM2.5 m'nyumba.
M'mayesero ena a nthawi yayitali amtundu wa mpweya wamkati, kafukufuku wina adawona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali zoyeretsa mpweya kuti zilowerere kungathe kuchepetsa kwambiri kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa anthu omwe akuphunzira komanso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Nthawi zambiri, kutengera maphunziro omwe adasindikizidwa, maphunziro ambiri ochitapo kanthu adagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe owongolera akhungu awiri (wodutsa), umboni ndi wokwera, ndipo malo ofufuzira ndi anyumba zapagulu kuphatikiza nyumba, masukulu, zipatala ndi anthu onse. malo Dikirani.Ambiri mwa maphunzirowa adagwiritsa ntchito zoyeretsa mpweya m'nyumba monga njira zoloweramo (zogulitsa zapakhomo ndi zakunja), ndipo ena adagwiritsa ntchito njira zoloweramo momwe mpweya wabwino wamkati ndi zida zoyeretsera zidayatsidwa nthawi imodzi.Kuyeretsedwa kwa mpweya komwe kunalipo kunali kuchotsedwa bwino kwambiri kwa particulate and purification (HEPA).Nthawi yomweyo, ilinso ndi kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito oyeretsa mpweya wa ion, activated carbon, electrostatic fumbi kusonkhanitsa ndi matekinoloje ena.Kutalika kwa kafukufuku wokhudza thanzi la anthu kumasiyana.Ngati kuwunika kwa mpweya wamkati kumakhala kosavuta, nthawi yolowera nthawi zambiri imakhala kuyambira 1 sabata mpaka chaka chimodzi.Ngati kuyang'anira khalidwe la chilengedwe ndi zotsatira za thanzi kukuchitika panthawi imodzimodziyo, nthawi zambiri ndi phunziro lachidule lokhala ndi chiwerengero chachikulu.Ambiri amakhala mkati mwa masabata 4.
Ngakhale kuwongolera mpweya wamkati m'nyumba, kuyeretsa mpweya m'nyumba kumathanso kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika, kusukulu bwino, komanso kugona kwa ophunzira kapena anthu.
Kuchita bwino kwa mpweya m'nyumba kungachepetse kuipitsidwa kwa gasi m'nyumba, potero kuteteza thanzi lathu.Makamaka pamene nthawi yapakhomo ikukulirakulira, oyeretsa mpweya amatha kuperekeza kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya m'nyumba, kuyeretsa mpweya wamkati, ndi kuteteza thanzi.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa oyeretsa mpweya kudzakhala imodzi mwa njira zathu zothandizira kupewa matenda ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya mtima ndi mapapu, osati zomwe anthu ena amatcha "pseudoscience" ndi "IQ tax".Zachidziwikire, choyeretsa mlengalenga chikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi,fyulutaziyenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, kuyeretsa ndi kukonza kuyenera kuchitidwa, ndipo chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa kuti tipewe kupezeka kwa zinthu zosafunika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-25-2022